UN nuclear chief Rafael Grossi continues to have a bet each way on nuclear power “safety”
UN nuclear chief says situation at Zaporizhzhia plant is ‘serious’ but it can operate safely for ‘some time’
Guardian, 16 June 23
Rafael Grossi visited the Russian-controlled plant amid concerns for water levels in cooling pools after dam breach
The head of the UN atomic energy agency has said the situation at the Russian-controlled Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in Ukraine is “serious” and that ensuring water for cooling was a priority of his visit, adding that the station could operate safely for “some time”.
Rafael Grossi, of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), was inspecting the state of Europe’s largest nuclear plant following last week’s breach in the Kakhovka dam downstream on the Dnipro River. He said IAEA inspectors would remain at the site.
“What is essential for the safety of this plant is that the water that you see behind me stays at that level,” Grossi said in two tweets issued from near the station, including next to a pond that supplies water for cooling.
With the water that is here the plant can be kept safe for some time. The plant is going to be working to replenish the water so that safety functions can continue normally.”
Grossi said the visit, his third to the plant in southern Ukraine since Russian forces occupied it in the first days of their February 2022 invasion, had gathered “a good amount of information for an assessment”.
Russia and Ukraine have repeatedly accused each other of shelling near the plant, endangering its safe operation. The station’s six reactors are now in shutdown……………
Grossi was earlier quoted by Russian news agencies as saying the situation at the site was “serious”.
“On the one hand, we can see that the situation is serious, the consequences [of the dam’s destruction] are there, and they are real,” he said.
“At the same time, there are measures that are being taken to stabilise the situation.”
Grossi’s trip was delayed by a day for security reasons amid heavy fighting……………………… https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/16/un-nuclear-chief-says-situation-at-zaporizhzhia-plant-is-serious-but-it-can-operate-safely-for-some-time
Cyberattack Hits US National Lab, Nuclear Waste Site
A contractor at a US national lab and a radioactive waste storage site
managed by the Department of Energy were among the victims of wide-ranging
cyberattack that saw several federal agencies hacked, according to a person
familiar with the matter.
A department spokesperson confirmed Thursday that
records from two of the agency’s “entities were compromised,” though
further details on the extent of the breach couldn’t immediately be
determined. Multiple US agencies were compromised by a hacking campaign in
which attackers exploited flaws in a popular software tool to gather
information from a range of victims.
Bloomberg 15th June 2023
Lawmakers propose shoring up nuclear cyber standards ahead of National Defense Authorization Act markup
NextGov, By Edward Graham, JUNE 16, 2023
The bipartisan proposal, which could be added to the FY2024 defense policy bill, would establish a federal working group to help address gaps in the cyber practices securing the nation’s nuclear weapons stockpile.
A bipartisan trio of lawmakers on the House Armed Services Committee unveiled a measure on Thursday that would address security risks to the nation’s nuclear weapons systems by creating a federal working group to help mitigate previously identified cybersecurity gaps.
The proposal — from Reps. Salud Carbajal, D-Calif., Don Bacon, R-Neb. and Mike Gallagher, R-Wis. — would establish a Cybersecurity, Risk Inventory, Assessment and Mitigation Working Group within the Department of Defense that is tasked with creating “a comprehensive strategy for inventorying the range of National Nuclear Security Administration systems that are potentially at risk in the operational technology and nuclear weapons information technology environments, assessing the systems at risk and implementing risk mitigation actions.”
The lawmakers are looking to include the measure in the 2024 National Defense Authorization Act. The committee’s markup of the must-pass defense policy bill is taking place June 21.
A September 2022 report issued by the Government Accountability Office found that the National Nuclear Security Administration — the federal agency tasked with safeguarding the nation’s nuclear weapons stockpile — failed to fully implement “foundational cybersecurity risk practices” across its systems, including in its “operational technology and nuclear weapons IT environments.”………………………….. https://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2023/06/lawmakers-propose-shoring-nuclear-cyber-standards-ahead-ndaa-markup/387632/—
UN: Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant, Europe’s Largest, Faces ‘Dangerous Situation’
VOA News, KYIV, UKRAINE — 15 June 23
The largest nuclear power plant in Europe faces “a relatively dangerous situation” after a dam burst in Ukraine and as Ukraine’s military launches a counteroffensive to retake ground occupied by Russia, the head of the United Nations nuclear watchdog said Tuesday.
Rafael Mariano Grossi, the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), spoke to journalists in Kyiv just before leaving on a trip to the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant. The plant has been in the crossfire repeatedly since Russia launched its war on Ukraine in February 2022 and seized the facility shortly after………………………………………….
Most reactors in ‘cold shutdown’
Ukraine recently said it hoped to put the last functioning reactor into a cold shutdown. That’s a process in which all control rods are inserted into the reactor core to stop the nuclear fission reaction and generation of heat and pressure. Already, five of the plant’s six reactors are in a cold shutdown.
When asked about Ukraine’s plans, Grossi noted that Russia controlled the plant and that it represented “yet again, another unwanted situation deriving from this anomalous situation.” Ukrainian workers still run the plant, though under an armed Russian military presence. The IAEA has a team at the plant, and Grossi said its members would be swapped out during his trip.
Asked about the Ukrainian counteroffensive, Grossi said he was “very concerned” about the plant potentially getting caught again in open warfare.
“There is active combat. So we are worrying that there could be, I mean, obviously mathematically, the possibilities of a hit,” he said.
Grossi stressed the IAEA hadn’t yet “seen any heavy military equipment” from the Russians at the plant when asked about Ukrainian fears the plant could be wired with explosives………….. https://www.voanews.com/a/un-ukraine-nuclear-power-plant-europe-s-largest-faces-dangerous-situation-/7136326.html
French nuclear watchdog specifies questions for EDF reactor life extensions
June 15, 2023, https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/french-nuclear-watchdog-specifies-questions-edf-reactor-life-extensions-2023-06-14/
PARIS, June 14 (Reuters) – French nuclear operator EDF (EDF.PA) will have to assess several technical challenges during the review period for a lifespan extension to 60 years for its nuclear fleet, watchdog ASN said in a press release on Wednesday.
ASN is asking the French power giant to address the mechanical resistance of certain portions of the main pipes of the primary circuit for several reactors and analyze feedback from an earthquake around the Cruas plant in 2019.
Other factors, such as the expected effects of climate change and the operation of facilities for the different stages of the fuel lifecycle, will also need to be addressed, the press release said.
EDF said the group was currently looking into the questions raised by the watchdog and was confident in its ability to meet the safety conditions necessary for the continued operation of all its reactors past 50 years.
Particular attention is being paid to the four Cruas reactors near a geological fault, and the conclusion may lead to a specific approach for the extension of these reactors, the group said.
The piping components ASN are concerned with are difficult to adjust or fix, as they connect the primary circuit to the reactor vessel, exposing workers to high doses of radiation.
EDF said it was working on automating a mechanical process in case an intervention is needed.
Reporting by Forrest Crellin and Benjamin Mallet; Editing by Mark Porter and Mark Potter
UN concerned by ‘discrepancy’ in Ukraine nuclear plant water levels after dam collapse
. IAEA head Rafael Grossi, who will visit Zaporizhzhia
nuclear plant, says there is a difference of about 2 metres from the
reservoir that cools the plant.
Guardian 12th June 2023
Last reactor at Ukraine’s biggest nuclear power plant shut down for safety
The last operating reactor at Europe’s largest nuclear power plant has
been put into a “cold shutdown” as a safety precaution amid
catastrophic flooding from the collapse of a nearby dam, Ukraine’s
nuclear energy agency said Friday.
NBC 10th June 2023
Metro 10th June 2023
Irish Examiner 10th June 2023
Ukrainian dam is destroyed; nuclear plant lives in a ‘grace period’
Bulletin, By François Diaz-Maurin | June 6, 2023
In the early hours of Tuesday, June 6, video footage circulated of a destroyed dam in southern Ukraine with large swaths of water flowing through. The Kakhovka dam—located about 70 kilometers upstream of the city of Kherson—is a critical piece of infrastructure, hosting a hydroelectric power plant and managing a reservoir that supplies water for drinking, irrigation, and cooling of the upstream six-reactor Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant—Europe’s largest.
It was unclear on Tuesday what or who caused the breach in the dam, which is under Russian control, although it was hard not to blame Russia given the timing of the attack, which happened one day after Ukraine reportedly launched its long-awaited spring counteroffensive. Both countries denied responsibility and have blamed each other throughout the day. Ukraine said Russia was responsible for the explosion of an engine room of the hydroelectric plant, in part to prevent Ukrainian troops from crossing the Dnipro River downstream, while Russia said Ukrainian forces conducted a sabotage attack. Russia’s defense minister Sergei Shoigu made the acrobatic suggestion that because Ukraine wanted to transfer some military units and equipment from Kherson to other parts of the front to help with its counteroffensive, making the river wider downstream would make it easier to defend Kherson with fewer forces.
A third scenario being advanced on Tuesday was that the dam might have suffered from a structural failure after the water level of the Kakhovka reservoir had reached a 30-year high, leading it to be at beyond-design storage capacity since May. No evidence of any of those scenarios had emerged on Tuesday night…………
The destruction of the dam caused immediate life-threatening flooding and evacuation of thousands of people living downstream of the dam along the Ukrainian-controlled right bank of the Dnipro River. Early satellite imagery was showing large areas being flooded a few hours only after the breach. While the water was quickly rising to dangerous levels downstream, the water level in the upstream Kakhovka Reservoir was dropping, which could have severe nuclear safety implications for the nearby plant.
The Kakhovka Reservoir serves as the Zaporizhzhia plant’s ultimate heat sink, an essential safety function of removing the radioactive decay heat generated by the fuel inside the shutdown reactors and spent fuel pools. The plant has a cooling pond that pumps its water from the Kakhovka Reservoir. According to the director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Rafael Mariano Grossi, the water level of the Kakhovka Reservoir was dropping on Tuesday at a rate of 5 centimeters per hour, adding that “water in the reservoir was at around 16.4 meters at 8 am. If [it] drops below 12.7 meters, then it can no longer be pumped.” This would theoretically leave operators with about three days to pump as much water as possible to fill up the pond. But local Ukrainian military officials estimated that the water level was dropping at the much higher rate of about 15 centimeters per hour; leaving only 24 hours for the operators to do so.
Commenting on Twitter, Edwin Lyman, a nuclear safety expert at the Union of Concerned Scientists, described the situation at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant as a “slow-motion disaster.” “The impact on the plant is something we are going to see unfold over time,” Lyman further explained to the Bulletin. “There is a grace period to address this problem, but it’s not infinite.”………………………………………………
In his statement, Grossi said that there was “no immediate risk to the safety of the plant.” But that is “assuming nothing else happens,” Lyman told the Bulletin. “The plant is stable for now, but it is becoming increasingly more vulnerable.” Grossi conceded that “it is vital that this cooling pond remains intact.”
“Nothing must be done to potentially undermine its integrity.” https://thebulletin.org/2023/06/ukrainian-dam-is-destroyed-nuclear-plant-lives-in-a-grace-period/?utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=ThursdayNewsletter06082023&utm_content=NuclearRisk_UkrainianDam_06072023
‘Minor’ leak at nuclear submarine dock
At a glance
- There has been a “minor” seawater leak at a naval base in Plymouth where nuclear submarines are stored
- A £3m contract has been awarded to repair the leak
- Thirteen decommissioned nuclear submarines are stored at 3 Basin at Devonport dockyard
- The Ministry of Defence said there was no environmental risk from the leak
Jonathan Morris, BBC News, 8 June 2023 https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjejyq3e499o
HMS Valiant, a nuclear-powered attack submarine that was decommissioned in 1994, is set to be the first submarine in Devonport to undergo dismantling.
An MoD spokesperson said: “Work is planned at 3 Basin at HMNB Devonport to address minor seawater leakage from the basin and weathered stone edgings.
“The leak does not present an environmental risk and both the basin and entrance gate remain structurally sound.”
The MoD was criticised in 2019 over its failure to dispose of obsolete nuclear submarines.
It said it would dispose of them “as soon as practically possible”.
There are 20 decommissioned submarines in storage at Devonport and Rosyth.
The estimated cost of fully disposing of a submarine is £96m, the National Audit Office has said.
Water levels at Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant ‘critical’ after dam collapsesin Ukraine.
Water levels at Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant ‘critical’ after dam collapses
in Ukraine. Water levels have fallen below a critical point for being able
to supply cooling water to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power station, the
operator of the Kakhovka dam in Ukraine has said.
Mirror 8th June 2023
https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/breaking-water-levels-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-30109697
The Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant used water from the destroyed Nova Kakhovka dam. What happens now?
By Felicity Ripper with wires, ABC, 9 June 23
One of the world’s largest nuclear power plants relies on a water reservoir linked to the destroyed Nova Kakhovka dam.
So what does that mean for the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant?
What is the relationship between Nova Kakhovka dam and the Zaporizhzhia plant?
The main line of water used at the plant is pumped out of the reservoir above the dam, and up to the site.
This reservoir is currently draining because the downstream dam has collapsed………………………
But isn’t the plant in shutdown?
Zaporizhzhia was placed in a cold shutdown in September 2022.
While it doesn’t need the large amounts of water it would while operating normally, it still needs some supplies for cooling.
Dwindling water supplies also complicate any future prospects of restarting the power plant.
Has the plant lost its water supply from the dam reservoir?
Not yet.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) chief Rafael Grossi said water could still be pumped out for a few days after the dam’s collapse.
“The rate may reduce as the water lowers,” he said.
Mr Grossi on Tuesday said that the water in the reservoir was sitting at 16.5m, and once it reached 2.7m it could no longer be pumped out.
He said while there was no reason for panic, the plant was facing a serious situation. ………………………….. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-09/explainer-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-nova-kakhovka/102454194
Ukraine: Nuclear threat shows danger of small modular reactors
The National, By James Walker@James_L_Walker, Multimedia Journalist, 9 June 23
THE Kakhovka dam destruction – and the “immense” nuclear threat seen in Ukraine – could undermine the case for small modular reactors as a green energy solution, the SNP Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) convenor has warned.
On Tuesday, Ukraine accused Russian forces of blowing up the Kakhovka dam and hydroelectric power station, which Moscow has controlled for more than a year.
There are concerns that the damage to the dam could have broad consequences including depleted water levels upstream that help cool Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant – Europe’s largest.
Bill Ramsay…….argued that the threat posed by Zaporizhzhia shows how the potential proliferation of small modular reactors could have important national security implications in the future.
It comes as Chancellor Jeremy Hunt confirmed plans in March to set up Great British Nuclear, a new body to oversee the revival of atomic energy and smooth the development of a new pipeline of power stations in the UK……………
“New nuclear power is expensive and will take years, if not decades, to become operational and has significant environmental concerns.”
Ramsay said that small modular reactors could also constitute a “longer-term danger”.
He said: “Reporting on the implications of the presence of a nuclear power plant in a dangerous war zone has been somewhat muted so far. But the threat is immense.
“From time to time, particularly as the war drags on, some stories around the Russian occupation of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant have popped up, but then have disappeared again.
“In my view, this lack of focus on Zaporizhzhia has been deliberate, because it throws up a potentially much longer-term danger, the implications of the proliferation of Small Modular Reactors as a so-called solution to global warming.
“However, the statement by President Zelensky’s security chief makes it increasingly difficult to avoid speaking about the nuclear dimension not only in the current conflict but, potentially, of future conflicts caused by climate change.” https://www.thenational.scot/news/23580288.ukraine-nuclear-threat-shows-danger-small-modular-reactors/
Ukrainian dam collapse ‘no immediate risk’ to Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant
But IAEA says damage to Nova Kakhovka dam raises long-term concerns for power station’s future
Julian Borger in Kyiv, 6 June 23 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/06/nova-kakhovka-ukraine-dam-collapse-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-plant-iaea
The collapse of the Nova Kakhovka dam and the draining of the reservoir behind it does not pose an immediate safety threat to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant further upstream, but will have long-term implications for its future, according to Ukrainian and UN experts.
The Ukrainian nuclear energy corporation, Energoatom, put out a statement on the Telegram social media platform saying the situation at the plant, the biggest nuclear power station in Europe, was “under control”.
Rafael Mariano Grossi, the director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the UN’s nuclear watchdog, said in a statement: “our current assessment is that there is no immediate risk to the safety of the plant.”
But there are long-term concerns, both over safety and the possibility of the plant becoming operational again in the coming years. Oleksiy, a former reactor operator and shift supervisor at the plant, pointed out that all six reactors had been shut down since the plant found itself on the frontline after the Russian invasion.
Five of the reactors are in “cold shutdown”, turned off completely and being cooled, and one is in “hot shutdown”, kept at 200-250C so it would be easier to restart if conditions allowed, and to supply winter heating to the neighbouring town of Energodar.
Oleksiy, who left after Russian forces occupied the plant in March last year and is now elsewhere in Ukraine, said the last reactor should be shut down and that the plant had sufficient resources to keep all reactor cores cool.
“I think that the damage of the dam doesn’t impact the plant immediately, because they are being cooled by the safety systems located at the plant, which are spray systems,” he said. “The plant has a cooling lake, about two or three kilometres in diameter.”
The Energoatom statement said the cooling lake was filled and was at 16.6 metres (54.5ft), “which is sufficient for the power plant’s needs”
Mariana Budjeryn, a Ukrainian nuclear scientist, said: “The fact that there’s an artificial pond next to the ZNPP [Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant] where water can be maintained above the reservoir level, and the fact that the reactors are in cold shutdown, offers some reassurance and increased time to respond if ZNPP starts getting affected.”
But Budjeryn, who is a senior research associate on the project on managing the atom at Harvard University, added: “The bigger problem – who is going to do it? ZNPP is already down-staffed to bare bones.”
Oleksiy said that over time water would evaporate from the cooling lake and if it could not be filled from the vast reservoir created upstream of the Nova Kakhovka dam, the turbines and the power plant could not be operated.
In his statement, Grossi said that the cooling pond should last “for some months” but it was imperative it was not damaged in fighting. The water is used to cool not just the reactor cores, but also the spent fuel and the diesel generators used for safety systems.
Kakhovka dam breach raises risk for Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant – receding waters narrow options for cooling
The Conversation June 7, 2023, Najmedin Meshkati, Professor of Engineering and International Relations, University of Southern California
A blast on June 6, 2023, destroyed the Kakhovka dam on the Dnieper River in eastern Ukraine. The rupture lowered water levels in a reservoir upriver at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant in the city of Enerhodar. The reservoir supplies water necessary for cooling the plant’s shutdown reactors and spent fuel, which is uranium that has been largely but not completely depleted by the fission reaction that drives nuclear power plants.
The International Atomic Energy Agency, which has inspectors on-site to monitor effects of the war at the plant, issued a statement saying that there was no imminent danger. Nevertheless, the destruction of the dam increases the risk of a disaster at the plant, a risk already heightened by ongoing combat in the area.
The Conversation asked Najmedin Meshkati, a professor and nuclear safety expert at the University of Southern California, to explain what the dropping water level means for the safety of the nuclear power plant and the ongoing risks to the plant’s spent fuel.
Why are dropping water levels a threat to the power plant?
The immediate situation is becoming very precarious. The dam is downstream from the plant, meaning that the flooding will not jeopardize the plant. But the plant draws water from a major reservoir on the river for its cooling system. This reservoir is draining because the downstream dam has been damaged.
The plant doesn’t need the massive amount of water it otherwise would because its six reactors are in cold shutdown. But the plant still needs water for three purposes: to reduce the residual heat from the shutdown reactors, to cool the spent fuel, and to cool the emergency diesel generators if the plant loses off-site power.
The plant’s operators pumped water from the reservoir into a cooling pond, which is why the IAEA said the plant has enough water for several months. But that’s the last resort, which is why the agency also said that it’s vital that the cooling pond remains intact. If the plant loses the cooling pond, the only hope would be to try something like they did at the Fukushima nuclear power plant after the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in 2011. They brought in huge water pumps to pump saltwater from the Pacific Ocean into the reactors to cool them down. The plant operators may need to try to pump water from the Dnieper River.
The two lifelines of any nuclear plant, whether operational or closed down, are water and electricity. The newly launched Ukrainian counteroffensive puts these two lifelines in further jeopardy. Since the Russian occupation, the plant has suffered a lot and lost off-site power seven times. My immediate concern is that if the plant loses its last remaining power line, which powers the cooling pumps, then it needs to rely on emergency diesel generators. There are 20 generators with on-site storage of only 10 to 15 days of fuel supply. Getting fuel while the counteroffensive is going on is another major challenge.
What does it mean to have a nuclear reactor in cold shutdown?………………………………………………………………..
What are the risks from the spent fuel at the plant?
The plant still needs a reliable source of electricity to cool the six huge spent fuel pools that are inside the containment structures and to remove residual heat from the shutdown reactors. The cooling pumps for the spent fuel pools need much less electricity than the cooling pumps on the reactor’s primary and secondary loops, and the spent fuel cooling system could tolerate a brief electricity outage.
One more important factor is that the spent fuel storage racks in the spent fuel pools at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant were compacted to increase capacity, according to a 2017 Ukrainian government report to the IAEA. The greater number and more compacted the stored spent fuel rods, the more heat they generate and so more power is needed to cool them.
These massive concrete cylinders store spent nuclear fuel rods. The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant stores much of its spent fuel outdoors in casks like these. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
There is also a dry spent fuel storage facility at the plant. Dry spent fuel storage involves packing spent fuel rods into massive cylinders, or casks, which require no water or other coolants. The casks are designed to keep the fuel rods contained for at least 50 years. However, the casks are not under the containment structures at the plant, and though they were designed to withstand being crashed into by an airliner, it’s not clear whether artillery shelling and aerial bombardment, particularly repeated attacks, could crack open the casks and release radiation into the grounds of the plant.
………………………..This situation is rapidly evolving. And if something happens and there is a radiation release, it’s going to spread around the world. https://theconversation.com/kakhovka-dam-breach-raises-risk-for-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-plant-receding-waters-narrow-options-for-cooling-207192
Canadian Federal Court Upholds Alcohol and Drug Testing at Nuclear Facilities
Mirage News, 7 June 23
The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) is pleased to confirm that on June 6, 2023, the Federal Court endorsed the Commission’s move to require pre-placement and random alcohol and drug testing of workers in safety-critical positions at high-security nuclear facilities, as mandated by CNSC regulatory document REGDOC-2.2.4, Fitness for Duty, Volume II: Managing Alcohol and Drug Use.
In early 2021, following the legalization of cannabis in Canada, the CNSC provided new regulatory requirements for the pre-placement and random testing of workers as part of a proactive approach to enhance nuclear safety and security at high-security nuclear facilities in Canada.
These new requirements were based on the results of extensive consultations with scientists and other experts, licensees of and workers at high-security nuclear sites, the Canadian Human Rights Commission, and the public.
Fitness for duty is one factor that affects human performance. An important element of being fit for duty is being free from the influence of alcohol, legal or illicit drugs, or performance-altering medication while at work………………… more https://www.miragenews.com/federal-court-upholds-alcohol-and-drug-testing-1022447/
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