France’s nuclear power sector is not delivering
Euractiv, By Philippe Girard, Sep 26, 2023
The dominant player in France’s energy sector, Electricité de France (EDF), must leave room for smaller energy providers who offer an innovative alternative to the national nuclear energy champion model, writes Philippe Girard.
Philippe Girard is CEO of E-Pango and an expert in energy and electricity markets.
As the International Energy Agency has recently warned, Europe could face a very difficult winter this year despite coping impressively with the challenges of sky-high natural gas prices that followed Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
Surprisingly, France needs to prepare to face another energy crisis this winter.
France’s nuclear energy sector has been hailed as the best in Europe, if not the world, for decades. France’s once robust nuclear sector, responsible for 70% of its energy production, should have positioned the country as a dominant force in Europe’s energy landscape.
However, in 2022, France was forced to import electricity from Germany, Spain and the UK when a significant proportion of France’s nuclear reactors had to close for unscheduled maintenance. How did this happen?
Many analysts attribute France’s current energy crisis to a combination of external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, inconsistent government policies and plain bad luck. Yet, pinning this crisis on these factors alone would be a mistake.
The story behind France’s energy sector turmoil is intimately linked to the machine behind it all, Electricité de France (EDF), the state-controlled energy company. Years of poor decision-making and mismanagement have eroded the country’s nuclear advantage, resulting in France importing energy rather than exporting it……………………………………………………………………….
In a landscape dominated by EDF, its responsibility must be questioned. By the end of 2022, EDF’s debts had reached a staggering €64.5 billion, making it one of the most heavily indebted companies globally. The full acquisition of EDF by the French State in 2023 was crucial for the company’s survival. Presently, the French government needs to boost EDF’s revenues without imposing higher electricity expenses on consumers. At the same time, it must navigate the delicate path of avoiding prosecution by the European Commission for potential infringements related to illegal state aid and distortion of competition.
The importance of preventing one dominant player from having a quasi-monopoly on non-intermittent capacity cannot be understated. In the case of EDF, it has negatively impacted the European and UK electricity markets.
Considering the turmoil caused by EDF and its place within the French energy ecosystem, ending EDF’s monopoly on the energy sector by diversifying energy providers and embracing innovation should be the way forward. Smaller energy providers offer an innovative alternative to the national champion model.
Consumers will have much to gain from introducing competition in France’s electricity market. https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/opinion/frances-nuclear-power-sector-is-not-delivering/
Solar energy boost for France
CNR is leading a consortium in the development of “Ombrières
PHotovoltaïquE grand LIneAire”, a solar shading project along the
ViaRhôna cycling route in southern France’s Caderousse department,
alongside the Rhône River.
The pilot project aims to evaluate the
integration of a PV facility into the landscape and assess its energy
performance. The project partners include French cable supplier Nexans,
Schneider Electric, railway operator SNCF, and the SuperGrid Institute.
The PV system will span 900 meters in length and have an installed capacity of
900 kW. It will consist of 30 shaded structures with west-east oriented
solar panels. The consortium will conduct tests on the system’s overall
architecture and the equipment needed for transporting medium voltage
direct current (MVDC) electricity to the delivery point. Construction and
testing are scheduled for the 2025-28 period, following a three-year phase
of engineering studies, research and development (R&D), and prototyping.
PV Magazine 13th Sept 2023
https://www.pv-magazine.com/2023/09/13/french-consortium-plans-900-kw-solar-cycling-path/
French nuclear cartel fined €31m
French watchdog issues 31 million euros fine against companies working on
nuclear dismantling. France’s antitrust watchdog on Thursday issued total
fines amounting to 31 million euros ($33.17 million) against six companies
for having engaged in cartel practices linked to the dismantling of a
nuclear site in Marcoule, southern France.
Reuters 7th Sept 2023
Construction Index 11th Sept 2023
https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/french-cartel-fined-31m
The Bugey and Saint-Alban sites could reduce their production due to the heat.
The nuclear reactors at the Bugey (Ain) and Saint-Alban (Isère) power station could reduce their production this weekend, due to the expected high temperatures and the warming of the waters of the Rhône.
PRETENDING NUCLEAR IS NOT INTERMITTENT IS POINTLESS – REPORTS EVERY YEAR SINCE 2015 IN FRANCE 
This report highlights how nuclear energy systems are becoming more intermittent due to the planet’s warming and increasing CO2 levels.
Here’s an analysis of the key points:
- Impact of High Temperatures on Nuclear Power Production: The report discusses how nuclear power production at the Bugey and Saint-Alban sites in France may be reduced due to expected high temperatures. High temperatures can have several adverse effects on nuclear power plants, such as reducing the efficiency of cooling systems and potentially exceeding safety thresholds.
- Warming Waters of the Rhône River: The report also mentions that the warming of the Rhône River’s waters is a contributing factor. Nuclear power plants often use nearby bodies of water for cooling purposes. As the planet warms, these water sources may become warmer, making it more challenging to cool the reactors effectively. This can lead to production restrictions and reduced output.
- Environmental Constraints and Low Demand: The report mentions previous instances in July and August when the Bugey nuclear reactor had to be shut down due to a combination of “environmental constraints and low demand for electricity.” This suggests that the intermittency of nuclear energy is not solely related to climate conditions but also demand fluctuations.
- Specific Thresholds for Cooling Water: The report explains that nuclear power plants have specific temperature rise and flow thresholds for the water they use for cooling. These thresholds are in place to protect the local fauna and flora. However, exceptionally high temperatures, as expected with climate change, can bring the cooling water close to or exceed these limits, necessitating production adjustments.
- EDF’s Response to Climate Change: EDF, the company operating these nuclear power plants, has been adjusting its production to respect thermal discharge limits in response to climate change, droughts, and heat waves. This adaptation reflects the broader trend in the energy industry as it grapples with the consequences of global warming.
- Long-term Climate Trends: The report mentions that EDF has observed restrictions on production increasing by 0.3% per year for around twenty years due to climatic reasons. This illustrates the gradual and long-term impact of climate change on the operability of nuclear power plants.
source
https://c.leprogres.fr/…/chaleur-les-sites-du-bugey-et…
Vinci and Bouygues among six firms fined €31m for bid rigging in nuclear work
KHI By Neil Gerrard08 September 2023
France’s competition watchdog, Autorité de la Concurrence, has fined six companies a total of €31 million for bid rigging relating to tenders for work at a nuclear site in the country.
Nuvia Process (a subsidiary of Vinci Group), ENDEL (formerly and Engie subsidiary), Bouygues Construction Expertises (BCEN), SNEF and SPIE Nucléaire are all subject to the penalties.
The Autorité granted a sixth company, ONET Group, leniency and it has received an exemption from financial penalties.
The fines come after dawn raids at the companies prompted by suspicions of anticompetitive practices when it came to tendering for work at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission’s (CEA) Marcoule nuclear site in the Gard region……………………………………………………………………………………………………
In a statement, the Autorité said, “These practices are among the most serious breaches of competition rules, as they aim to remove the advantages that consumers and the public entity are entitled to expect from a competitive economy, and instead benefit the perpetrators.
“Disrupting the normal course of tendering procedures by hindering the free market pricing process and misleading the public authority as to the reality and extent of competition between tenderers, is detrimental to the sector in which such practices take place, and constitutes a serious breach of economic public policy.”
Nuvia’s penalty amounted to €13.9 million, while Endel received a fine of €11 million and BCEN a fine of €6.2 million.
SNEF and SPIE Nucléaire received lesser fines of €20,000 and €10,000 respectively.
The Autorité said it applied a mark-up to Nuvia, Endel and BCEN as they are all part of conglomerates. It also took into account the “repeated nature” of the offences committed by the Vinci and Bouygues groups. https://www.khl.com/news/vinci-and-bouygues-among-six-firms-fined-31m-for-bid-rigging-in-nuclear-work/8031517.article
French energy regulator: Nuclear alone not enough for carbon neutrality
“renewable energies to be brought on stream as quickly as possible, as there will be no new reactors in operation by 2035” to meet the need to decarbonise the energy mix.
By Clara Bauer-Babef and Paul Messad | EURACTIV.fr 27 Aug 23 https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/french-energy-regulator-nuclear-alone-not-enough-for-carbon-neutrality/
If France is to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, it must integrate renewables into its energy mix, according to the head of the country’s energy regulator, RTE, who believes nuclear power alone will not be enough.
As part of its EU targets, France has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2050 and contribute to the bloc’s efforts to cut greenhouse gases by 55% by 2030.
“To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, nuclear power alone will not be enough,” said Xavier Piechaczyk, Chairman of RTE, on France Inter radio on Saturday.
Instead, France needs to diversify further its energy mix, which is currently 40% nuclear, 28% oil, 16% natural gas, 14% renewables and 2% coal, according to the French Ministry for Ecological Transition.
All the more so as “energy consumption will fall, but electricity consumption will rise to replace fossil fuels”, with a 25% increase in decarbonised electricity, writes RTE in its reference report on the French energy mix in 2050.
As such, Piechaczyk calls for “renewable energies to be brought on stream as quickly as possible, as there will be no new reactors in operation by 2035” to meet the need to decarbonise the energy mix.
France plans to build six new small nuclear reactors (EPR), although these will not be operational until 2035. Construction for the first reactor is only set to start in 2027.
“France is struck by a pathology, which is to spend its time arguing between nuclear versus renewable: it’s not the first question to be asked”, Piechaczyk said.
Piechaczyk referred in particular to the conflict between the radical left and ecologists, who are opposed to nuclear power, and the presidential majority and the right, supported by the Communists, who favour the development of nuclear power.
(Paul Messad & Clara Bauer-Babef | EURACTIV.fr)
France heatwave curbs cooling water supply to St Alban nuclear plant
PARIS, Aug 23 (Reuters) – A heatwave curbing the availability of cooling water has prompted a production warning from operator EDF for the Saint Alban nuclear power plant on the Rhone river in eastern France for Aug. 26-27.
Similar warnings have been issued this summer at plants including those at Bugey and Tricastin, which are also on the Rhone……………………….more https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-heatwave-curbs-cooling-water-supply-st-alban-nuclear-plant-2023-08-23/
French Winter Power Twice as Pricey as Germany’s on Nuclear Woes
By Todd Gillespie, April 19, 2023 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-04-19/french-winter-power-twice-as-pricey-as-germany-s-on-nuclear-woes?leadSource=uverify%20wall#xj4y7vzkg
France’s weakened nuclear power output means the cost of its electricity for next winter is more than twice as expensive as Germany’s, as concerns over the health of the country’s reactors persist.
The “massive” gap of nearly €250 ($273) per megawatt-hour between French and German prices is because traders are pricing in more risk as they await updates on Electricite de France SA’s struggles with its aging atomic fleet, according to analysts at Engie SA’s EnergyScan. “No participants want to risk being short next winter,” they wrote.
French power for the first quarter of 2024 is trading at €416 per megawatt-hour, more than double Germany’s rate of €169. Normally a power exporter, France’s atomic generation has been gradually returning to service but still remains below historical averages.
France, which relies on nuclear energy for most of its electricity, is expected to remain heavily dependent on power imports during the winter months to meet its demand. Meanwhile, Germany closed its last nuclear plants Saturday after years of political tension over phasing out the technology, but is still very reliant on polluting coal-fired power.
French nuclear availability was at 62% on Wednesday, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Nuclear output on Wednesday was above its level for this time last year after weeks of historic lows.
— With assistance by Josefine Fokuhl and Francois De Beaupuy
French nuclear watchdog ASN issues first lifespan extension to 40-year-old reactor
French nuclear watchdog ASN issued a decision allowing for the continued
operation of state-owned utility EDF’s Tricastin 1 nuclear reactor in
southern France, the first lifetime extension granted to a French reactor
after 40 years of operation.
In a decision published on Aug. 10 and seen by
Reuters on Tuesday, ASN granted the reactor an extension until its next
review, so for another ten years. Some 32 of France’s fleet of 56 reactors
are up for their fourth ten-yearly inspection this decade, leaving French
energy production reliant on securing a swathe of reactor extensions for
another ten years.
Reuters 22nd Aug 2023
EDF Warns of French Nuclear Output Cuts in Weekend Heat Wave
Bloomberg, By Francois De Beaupuy, August 22, 2023
Electricite de France SA will probably have to reduce nuclear output over the coming weekend as a heat wave affecting a large part of the country warms rivers used for cooling some of its reactors.
Due to the high temperatures forecast on Rhone river, production restrictions are likely to affect production at its Tricastin power plant — where two of its four 900-megawatt reactors are already………….(Subscribers only) more https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-21/edf-warns-of-french-nuclear-output-cuts-in-weekend-heat-wave#xj4y7vzkg
French cruise ship makes rendezvous with Russian nuclear icebreaker near North Pole
Barents Observer, By Atle Staalesen August 20, 2023
The meeting between the two vessels took place in remote Arctic waters not far from the North Pole.
Video made by passengers onboard the 50 Let Pobedy and shared on social media shows the two vessels trading greetings and sailing side by side through thick sea-ice.
The Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker is on the way to the North Pole as part of an expedition for students. Shortly after its meeting with the tourist ship, it encountered also two other ships currently sailing in the area. According to ship operator Rosatom, the 50 Let Pobedy met with Arctic research station Severny Polyus, as well as research ship Akademik Tryoshnikov.
The latter ship had sailed all the way from St.Petersburg with new crew and equipment for the drifting station that is on a two-year expedition across the ice.
The Le Commandant Charcot is the new vessel built for cruise ship operator Ponant. It is classified as icebreaker and can make independent voyages to the North Pole. In 2021, it was first hybrid-electric luxury cruise ship to make it to the North Pole.
The ship set out on a 16-days expedition from Reykjavik in early August. It sails to the geographic North Pole and ends up in Longyearbyen, Svalbard.
It is not a voyage for the regular man and woman. The starting price per person is €31,485…………………………………………… https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2023/08/french-cruise-ship-makes-rendezvous-russian-nuclear-icebreaker-near-north-pole
France and Russia co-operate on developing a plant in Russia for processing depleted uranium
The installation of equipment has begun at TVEL’s JSC Electrochemical Plant
(ECP) in Zelenogorsk in Russia’s Krasnoyarsk Region for W2-ECP, the
country’s second plant for the processing of depleted uranium hexafluoride.
The plant is part of a long-term project to manage and make use of depleted
uranium stocks in Russia. The plant, with a processing capacity of 10,000
tonnes per year, is being supplied by Orano Projets – the engineering arm
of France’s nuclear fuel cycle specialist Orano – under a EUR40 million
(USD44 million) contract signed in December 2019.
Under the terms of the contract, Orano will supply the equipment for the construction of the
deconversion facility, as well as providing technical assistance in its
installation and commissioning. The first equipment for the plant arrived
at the construction site in eastern Siberia from France in December 2021.
The project was originally expected to be completed in 2022. The W2-ECP
plant will accept deliveries of depleted uranium hexafluoride gas (DUF6 –
sometimes called DUHF) and deconvert these to uranium tetrafluoride, with
anhydrous hydrofluoric acid being produced as a by-product. Deconversion
transforms the toxic and somewhat corrosive gaseous DUF6 enrichment
tailings into a stable powdered oxide form fit for long-term storage,
transport or final disposal.
World Nuclear News 16th Aug 2023
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Construction-of-second-Russian-deconversion-plant
Public participation for the Flamanville EPR reactor commissioning project (INB 167)
ASN ………………………………………… TERMS OF THE CONSULTATION
Consultation reference [2023.06.39]
Public consultation on the Flamanville EPR reactor commissioning application, with the full application file made available, will take place from 5 June to 15 September 2023 on the ASN website.
Any additional relevant information, in particular with regard to the administrative procedure implemented, may be requested from the Nuclear Safety Authority, the competent authority to make the decision, by electronic means at the address info@asn.fr , or at its premises, 15 rue Louis-Lejeune – CS 70013 – 92541 Montrouge Cedex – by appointment on 01 46 16 42 74.
The paper file can be consulted on request and by prior appointment with the Prefecture of La Manche (on 02 33 75 47 39), which coordinates the availability on its premises, in the sub-prefectures, in the France Services area of the town of Les Pieux and in the town hall of Flamanville.
Observations and proposals from the public can be made on the ASN website for the duration of the consultation. As the project is subject to environmental assessment, the opinion of the Environmental Authority, EDF’s brief in response to this opinion and the opinions of the local authorities concerned by the project can also be consulted on the ASN website.
ASN will take into account the observations and proposals of the public within the framework of the current examination of the commissioning application for the installation. In the event that it considers giving a favorable response to this request, it plans to consult the public on its draft decision authorizing the commissioning…………………………………………….. https://www.asn.fr/l-asn-reglemente/consultations-du-public/mise-a-participation-du-public-pour-le-projet-de-mise-en-service-du-reacteur-epr-de-flamanville#documents-a-consulter
EDF Sees Increased Risk of Delay to New UK Atomic Reactors, financial doubts
Francois de Beaupuy, Bloomberg News, 27 Jul 23, https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/edf-sees-increased-risk-of-delay-to-new-uk-atomic-reactors-1.1951285
– Electricite de France SA said the risk of further delay to two nuclear reactors in southwest England has risen because of construction setbacks.
EDF flagged last year that the plants may start 15 months late. The reactors at Hinkley Point have been touted by the UK government as sparking a nuclear renaissance, boosting energy independence and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. But the work has been plagued by multiple holdups and cost overruns.
The increased risk of a 15-month delay is due to “performances on civil works and challenges on mechanical, electrical, heating, ventilation and air conditioning,” EDF said Thursday in an earnings presentation. “Progress is below the planned trajectory and action plans have been set.”
The reactors, costing as much as £32 billion ($41.5 billion), are due to start operating in 2027 and 2028. The ballooning budget has fueled controversy over the vast sums needed for new nuclear developments, even as other low-carbon technologies such as offshore wind have also faced inflationary pressures.
Hinkley Point’s setbacks come as EDF seeks to arrange financing for a second pair of atomic plants — at Sizewell in eastern England — that would use the same design. Delays and cost overruns may deter investors who also face increasing demands for capital from renewables, which provide swifter returns.
The debt-laden French utility has a 66.5% stake in Hinkley Point, while China General Nuclear Power Corp. owns the rest. As funding requirements now exceed contractual commitments, shareholders will be asked to provide additional equity voluntarily starting in the fourth quarter.
“The probability that CGN will not fund the project beyond its committed equity cap is high,” EDF said Thursday. “Financing solutions are being investigated, in the event that CGN does not allocate its voluntary equity.”
France needs to invest 25 billion euros ($28 billion) each year to maintain its nuclear energy programme
EDF will need to invest around 25 billion euros ($28 billion) each year to
keep its nuclear fleet and network in shape and build new reactors required
for France’s energy transition, the company’s CEO said on Wednesday.
Grilled by lawmakers during a hearing before the French National Assembly’s
economic affairs committee, EDF’s Luc Remont said France also needed to
rethink parts of the company’s business model and its electricity tariff
policy to allow the utility to boost investments.
Reuters 19th July 2023
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